Risk Assessment Approaches To Constructing Road

Risk Assessment Approaches To Constructing Road As an employer you have a business objective as well as a moral and legal obligation to provide and maintain a safe and healthy workplace that is, as far as reasonably practicable, free from risk and hazards. In doing so employers conducts risk assessment, this is intended to determine the potential harm to workers and other persons in the workplace, and implement control measures to eliminate these risks or to reduce them to a tolerable level. The most important element in the risk management cycle is risk assessment usually comprises of a combination of risk identification and risk evaluation techniques which make it also the most complex element of the risk management cycle. Evolving out of this were two parts in conducting risk assessment they being quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative Assessment was the more complex of the two as it depending on the collection and analysis of a great deal of data use to calculate probability and potential loss. This dependence of accuracy of data also acts as an Achilles heel for the process because of the share difficulty associated with data collection. However qualitative risk assessment is regarded as the lesser of two evils and is the most commonly used approach to risk analysis. This is due to the fact that probability data is not required thus making the process more attractive to safety practitioners and industries that are new to safety. Because there is no need for great amounts of historical data, companies that are newly expose to safety use this method simply because there is no data to collect. This paper discusses the different techniques to risk assessment, then describing the reasonable approach which can include both qualitative and quantitative approaches within a civil construction company. Company Overview Tee Pavers Limited is a local independent civil construction company locating at the southern part of Trinidad which has been in operation for the past 25 years. They have a workforce of over 120 skilled workers and a fleet of excavating, landscaping and asphalt paving machinery numbering in the hundreds. The company entertains government contracts for road construction and rehabilitation, they currently have a fully operating asphalt plant where they supply asphalt to several private and public companies throughout the country. Despite the number of years in operation the company was only recently introduced to Health and Safety as part of the compliance requirement of the OSH Act 2004 (Amended 2006). Figure 1 outline the detail process of road construction. Is simple and straightforward. Just what is needed in a safety- new company such as Tee Pavers Limited Can be complex and require suitable explanations. This process would not be well received at Tee Pavers Limited a company that is now being exposed to safety practices. The Calculation of frequency of risk to worker is largely judgmental and does not require extensive data. This proves to be effective due to the fact that techniques such as JSA and PHA focus on job task in identifying hazards and workers can participate. Calculation of frequency of risk to workers requires extensive, appropriate data that may not be relatively available. Thus as in the case with Tee Pavers where prior projects was done by gut feelings see that safety was never a concern. It provides estimation of risk levels to workers to particular fault and hazards. This is a simple process that could be understood by all workers. Provides numerical assessment of the level of risk. It is best carried out by an experienced team of people throughout the assessment which may include operators, supervisor and long standing workers. A team approach is best needed for the hazard identification stage. Techniques like FEMA and FTA usually need to be done by just a specialist to ensure consistency of logic. Processes and results are deriving objectively, easily supported. Process results are subjective and may not be repeatable. It requires structure logic to identify controls, protection and mitigation measures to support decision made by analyst. This was evident that Tee Paver workers were resistant to change. Logic is implied with quantitative, but requires explanation to support safety case arguments. Does not readily lend itself to assessment of combinations of failures leading to a hazard on the road. Assessment of combinations of failure is implied in techniques like FTA and ETA. Risk analysis of all hazards and consequences not readily achievable since it is largely judgmental. Risk analysis of hazards and consequences easily achievable. Appropriate at early stages before the start of new project when identifying major hazards and risk. The use of the PHA is ideal for Tees Paver road construction process. Mainly appropriate at the later stages of the project when details of design and intended operation are known and data is available to support the assessment. Evaluation of Risk Analysis of the Road Construction Process Taking into consideration the five steps risk assessment process (Health and Safety Executives) will determine the type of risk assessment techniques needed qualitative or quantitative. Table 2 shows all the various risk assessment that can be consider in the road construction process. However due the nature of the organization and past safety culture I believe that qualitative assessment Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and Preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) would be a more effective with comparison to the quantitative approaches like FEMA and ETA which is too intense in terms of complexity, dependence on historical data and time consuming which does not sit well with this type of business that strives on spontaneous contracts. Simplicity best describes Tees Pavers road construction process; therefore the qualitative approach is ideal in identifying basic hazard and risk. During the early stages of operation and the details of the project is identified PHA can be used. This process encourages participation and so the Project manager, Engineer, Supervisors and the Health Safety Environmental personnel all work together to identify the major hazards, and rank them according to severity with the aim of implementing preventative measures. The potential hazards identified during the phase 2 processes (Asphalt Paving). When laying the asphalt base the main hazardous events would be unprotected physical contact with the hot asphalt. The probability of a person getting burn from the hot asphalt is medium to high and the severity of injuries will also be medium to high. Therefore putting preventative measures in place would be easier, for instance; having workers wear insulated PPE thus reducing the risk factor. This type of assessment is effective because it deals with the hazards and risks before the commencement of the projects and the fact that a wide array of employees are included means that effective preventive measures can be put in place. Some might argue that some of the hazard and risk may be overlooked since it is done before the project starts but in Tee Pavers case this process never changes, the worker are experience and thus the accident or incident rate is close minimum. Feasibility Safety is inevitable. The Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2004 (amended 2006) states that every employer must conduct a suitable and sufficient risk assessment. In complying with the OSH Act the safety official can achieve a two prong approach by introducing task based assessment (a form of qualitative assessment). This allows every worker irrespective of educational background to participate thus fostering awareness. Appendix 1 shows a simple effective JSA for asphalt laying road works which has deemed suitable and sufficient meeting all the requirements stated in TTS 620: 2008. Appropriateness When you look at the culture of the workforce that predominates Tee Pavers you get the sense of being expose to the 1980s ones again. Workers with the average age of 46, limited educational qualification (some even partial illiterates), most of them originate from areas within 10 square miles of each other and the general sense of simply coming to work to do an honest day job without concern for safety ills driven by the competitive nature of individually pleasing the boss. Taking that into consideration one can only select the qualitative approach considering conducting risk assessments. Initially introducing safety measures must be done in simple steps even thought safety is becoming mandatory the intension is to encourage the worker to buy into it not to view it as a hindrance or a threat. Conclusion Tee Pavers is undoubtedly a prime example of a company that would greatly benefit from qualitative assessment. Some of these benefits include complying with legislation fulfilling the requirements of every employer providing a workplace that is free from risk. I my view conducting qualitative risk assessments over a period of time prepares a company for the more detailed, accurate and more complex quantitative approach. The workers who were once naive with regards to safety and health would now be coached into maturity. This would prove to be a welcomed combination when companies would be venturing toward greater horizons. However the stark reality is its all about money. With legislation playing a bigger part in the world of safety company now know that in order to be viewed as an attractive commodity they must show some level of compliance to these safety laws thus a concerted interest in the employment and establishment of safety department within these companies. These departments are mandated to establish safety guideline and assessments for projects (existing and proposed). The companies know that they will be audited and that successful audit would indicate compliance thus making them more marketable for new contracts. As distasteful as it sounds it is a reality that we face every day with existing and emerging companies competing for government contracts.

The Impact of Divorce on a Teenager :: Impact of Divorce on Children

All over the world, parents decide to divorce and this leaves children hurt and confused. The children may lose contact with one parent or they might decide to makes some bad decisions in their life due to the feeling of neglect. Some of the bad choices could be mental health disorders and struggling in academics. There are impacts on teens that could be short term but there are also long term effects too, because most of them look up to their parents as role models. (decent statement of theme) Family clearly impacts teenagers, especially a divorce. [Why this last sentence? This is a â€Å"no duh† comment=you knew it before you started. Maybe it works as a 1st sentence, but not a last one.] In the book The House on Mango Street, written by Sandra Cisneros, the main character, Esperanza, was affected by many external forces, including family. Esperanza is a young teen who just moved to Mango Street, and she doesn’t like her house because it’s ugly, and she dreams of another house that her family has promised one day. â€Å"I have inherited her name, but I don’t want to inherit her place by the window (Cisneros 11). This was in reference to her great grandmother who didn’t want to marry, but Esperanza’s great grandfather kidnapped her and forced her to marry, where Esperanza’s great grandmother never forgave him and looked out a window for the rest of her life. Esperanza didn’t chose her name, her family did, and she didn’t chose who her family is either. The external force of family is an issue in real life just as it is in this novel, and the teens learn to either love it or hate it. [Whoa! Where’s the divorce here? Why not use the mothers who are single parents? Isn’t that closer to divorce?] Adolescents tend to find ways to let out their emotions and try to escape their problems, and this unfortunately leads them to make poor decisions that hurt them more than they know that it would be. Alcohol actually is a depressant because it slows down the function of the central nervous system and it cause people to lose coordination and not be able to think straight. [Again, whoa! Where’s the divorce here? Why start with drinking? Suggestion: if this is what some teens do when faced with divorce, then maybe this should go as your 2nd or 3rd comment, not your 1st.

Duality of Jekyll and Hyde Essay

Focusing on the opening and closing chapters, how does Robert Louis Stevenson explore the conflict of duality in human nature in ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’. ‘The Strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ is a book published in a Victorian society with strict moral codes. This was also a time of discovery and science, and tension between religion and science was constantly rising. In this book you can infer that religion doesn’t bring answers or contentment, but also a warning to the use of science, and what could become of it. The book explores the duality of a man, Dr Jekyll, and how neither science nor religion brought him salvation. The duality in Jekyll and Hyde is represented by Jekyll and Hype as good and evil. The cause of why Jekyll made the potion was to satisfy his inner desires, but was prevented because of â€Å"the high views I had set before me, I regarded and hid them with an almost morbid sense of shames†. This quote from Jekyll explains that, because of the strict moral codes, and high respectability, Jekyll was unable to fulfil his desires without dishonouring his name, and so buried his fascinations away, showing self control. â€Å"These polar twins†¦ continuously struggling†, describes the duality fighting in Jekyll mind before he split himself. The â€Å"polar twins† is cleverly used and the two poles (Arctic and Antarctic) are on two different sides of the world, in two different hemispheres of the earth. This could be that the poles are so far apart, but similar in climate, so closer than they might think, as is the case for the 2 sides of Jekyll, and each is strugg ling to gain power over the other. To avoid dishonouring himself, he split his good and evil personalities, so only one side of himself could be threatening his good or neutral name, but where Jekyll possessed normal human self control, Hyde had none. What actually happens to Jekyll, once he had taken the potion, was that it allowed both his evil and his good sides to roam free, with little consequences. Until the changes start to get out of control, and Jekyll’s grasp over Hyde alters in Hyde’s favour. Jekyll becomes addicted to the use of the potion, and leads to a twisted world of murder, deception and death. The physical change from Jekyll to Hyde is described by Jekyll as â€Å"grinding in the bones, deadly nausea, and a horror of the spirit that cannot be exceeded at the hour of birth or death†. Jekyll’s alteration is show through mainly his pain in the description. â€Å"Grinding in the bones† sets the scene with not just visual, but audio. It describes the cringing sound of the change more than the appearance. Also, â€Å"deadly nausea† is possibly a symptom or side effect of the potion that causes sickness and confusion during the event, and Stevenson used ‘deadly to emphasise the pain. At the time where religion was being doubted, Jekyll chose the opportunity to play god with science. Some certain, powerful phrases use both spiritual and scientific vocabulary and references, such as ‘Horror of the spirit that cannot be exceeded at the hour of birth and death’; this phrase is important to comparing the scale of what Jekyll had just disc overed. It illustrates that both birth and death are a major event, and play a big part of a living organism’s life, which God was believed to have controlled and kept balance of good and evil, whether it’s the birth and death of us, or of someone who was a part of our lives. Yet, Jekyll was able to manipulate the power of science to over through God’s rule and will, pushing boundaries no one had dared dreamed of reaching before. Comparing a scientific discovery, and what happens when using that discovery, would imply that it was on a grand scale of great importance. Also, events such as birth and death tend to be painful experiences, so it could also link into the pain of such event. However, from Lanyon’s narrative, he describes the changing from Jekyll to Hyde slightly more viciously, which also gives us insight into what it is like from someone else’s point of view. ‘Staring with infected eyes, gasping with open mouth.’ The description of ‘infected eyes’, seem as though it would be slightly exaggerated. When thinking of ‘infected’, we usually think of illness. This is probably, from what we can imply, what Lanyon thought it was. Also, ‘gasping with open mouth’, could be panic from Jekyll, for regrettably knowing that once again e is unleashing Hyde back into the world. However, other meanings can be interpreted. If someone was to ‘gasp with open mouth’, you would expect somebody to be doing this during their death, therefore symbolising that it was the death of Jekyll, and the re birth of Hyde. Although Jekyll thinks the potion is a solution, there are also long term effects of using the potion, and what happens. Jekyll begins to get addicted, to some extent, to the freedom and unlimited boundaries of Hyde’s power. Little does Jekyll know that the more times he uses the potion, the more powerful Hyde becomes over Jekyll, which results in Hyde coming and going as he pleases. The contrasting descriptions of Jekyll and Hyde, and also the reactions caused by their appearances link to the confliction between the two characters, Jekyll and Hyde, are similar from the people who meet them. Nearer the end of the novel, a constant battle is taking place, and Stevenson is able to show duality of Jekyll through confliction of the contrasting personalities, trapped by one another’s limits. As Jekyll is a doctor, it is his choice of career that he is able to help, and heal people, and once again representing good. Whereas Hyde makes doctors, who are obliged not to judge people, and help in any circumstance, â€Å"turn sick and white with the desire to kill†. If just one look at Hyde makes a healer want to kill, his personality must match his appearance. In contrast, Jekyll is physically described as â€Å"extremely handsome†, â€Å"well proportioned† and with† every mark of capacity and kindness†. The physical description of this character reflects on the reaction other people treat him with. Also, as Jekyll is a well respected doctor, his personality is expected to match his appearance. This is also the case with Hyde, however, he doesn’t get the same judgments as Jekyll gets. Hyde is described as â€Å"pale and dwarfish†, giving an â€Å"impression of deformity† and â€Å"Satan’s signature upon a face†. From these descriptions, we can see why his was disliked so much, and Hyde’s personality reflected his features to every last detail. Stevenson used the phrase â€Å"Satan’s signature upon a face†, which is related to religion, and ties in nicely with the books theme. Where people may say their faces are blessed by god, this phrase is implying that Hyde’s face was blessed by the devil, giving the impression that he is hideous, because Satan left his mark on him. Stevenson also explores the hidden duality in this book is doors and windows. At the beginning of the book, many questions are asked and are hidden behind doors. For instance, Hyde’s house is described at the beginning as â€Å"two stories high; showed no window, nothing but a door†¦ A blind forehead of discoloured wall†¦ And bore in every feature, the marks of prolonged and sordid negligence. The door†¦ Was blistered and distained†. The language used to describe Jekyll’s house was also very interesting. Utterson described this house referring to Hyde’s influence, but also as if it was a person. â€Å"Blind forehead†¦ every feature†¦was blistered† are all ways we would somehow describe a human, which nicely links into the idea of the doors hiding and almost keeping secrets, and windows openly showing themselves. The house is also hidden and secluded around a back alley, out of view from the public, and very secretive, and it had no windows, and windows are let you see what is going on, they have no secrets. Through this idea of doors and windows, reflects also on the people. Before Hyde was entered into the picture, Jekyll was a very open and honest man. His door was always open. As Hyde’s power begins to grow, we can see that Jekyll becomes more engulfed and isolated in his own home because of his secret, and finds it hard to let anyone in, even people, such as Utterson, whom he trusted with his life. As the book goes on, doors are opened to show that questions are being answered, but there is also a physical use for the doors and windows. Jekyll’s house is very welcoming on a main street. The courtyard behind the house links to Jekyll’s house. Hyde is allowed to come and go as he pleases through the back door, creating even more mystery and arousing suspicion with occupants of the house. Basically, the front of the house was the well respected, first impression view, but the back was hidden, so could not be judged by who came and went. At the time in the book, where science has failed to provide any answers, Jekyll turned his head back towards religion. We can see this taking place when Jekyll â€Å"had fallen upon his knees and lifted his clasped hands to God†. At this point, Hyde’s power had grown beyond any imagination, or plight for help as Jekyll barely has control of himself, let alone Hyde. I think this quote symbolises how desperate Jekyll had become, from being a man of science, to resorting to religion to ease his soul and conscience. Other characters of interest the book also represent some of the themes to the book, but more subtly. For example, on chapter one, Mr. Utterson and Mr. Enfield are described as unlikely friends because nobody could see what they shared in common, they would go on walks every Sunday and â€Å"Set aside occasions of pleasure, but even resisted calls of business, that they might enjoy them uninterrupted†. This links to Jekyll and Hyde because no one can see why they are associated with one another, such as Jekyll leaving Hyde everything in his will, but Utterson couldn’t understand why. The hypocrisy of the hidden duality in the book is demonstrated not just through Jekyll and Hyde, but through other, fairly decent characters as well. We can only assume that from the book, Hyde’s influence causes people to change. For example, in the first chapter, ‘Story of the Door’, Hyde tramples a young girl. Mr. Enfield, who witnessed this crime, blackmailed Hyde by saying â€Å"we could and would make such a scandal out of this, as should make his name stink from one end of London to the other†¦ We screwed him up to a hundred pounds for the child’s family†. Even though Enfield had told Hyde it was wrong to blackmail, but they did it anyway. There is also hypocrisy in how Dr. Jekyll’s experiment backfires. After the murder of Sir Danvers Carew, Jekyll had given Utterson his word that he had gone and was not coming back. The hypocrisy of it all is that even though he had prevented Hyde taking power over him again, the temptation was too great, and went back to using the potion and increasing Hyde’s strength. I also think hypocrisy is shown through Jekyll’s head butler, Poole. As he is in charge of those lower than him, such as other butlers and maids, he encourages them not to ask too many questions, as that is what their job requires. However, Poole goes out to get Utterson for help, and does ask questions about what is going on with his master, and by doing so, he is being hypocritical. To conclude, I think that Robert Louis Stevenson explores the conflict of duality in the human nature in ‘Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’ by his clever use of themes and language to engage different meanings. We can gather that from the background conflict of science and religion, that Stevenson was using the warnings and deceitfulness of the two to show that neither is right or wrong. He explains â€Å"that man is not truly one, but two† and was able to put this into context by using the gothic horror genre so that people would understand and want to read. In the end, I think that the main theme of duality in the book is not just a theory, but a belief, and that the only thing that man has to fear, is man itself.

Marketing Plan For A Marketing Strategy - 1961 Words

A marketing strategy is vital for any business, and the focus of any marketing strategy is to make sure that both your products and services are meeting not only the needs of your customers, but the long-term relationships with them as well. In order to be truly successful, a marketing plan must be flexible to allow for changes in your customers perceptions as well as demands, merely creating a marketing plan is not enough. Furthermore, your marketing plan should be monitored periodically for its effectiveness and any adjustments should be made accordingly. There are several different marketing strategies which one can employ in order to help make his/her business successful, from guerilla marketing, where you can market your business at promotional events through low-cost trades. If you own your own a restaurant you could set up a concession stand at a high school sporting event, donating the profits to in exchange for product sampling. Positioning, this is one way in which to m arket your specific brand where there is no spending, the business merely creates a brand image or position within the marketplace. Another key marketing strategy is cause marketing, this can be done through sponsorships like a sporting event or tournament, not only does this develop brand loyalty, but it is also an effective means by which to introduce new products or services into the market. For my particular business, I would like to open up a BBQ sandwich shop which serves primarilyShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan For A Marketing Strategy909 Words   |  4 PagesA marketing plan is crucial to the survival of an organization. Marketing plans need to be well thought out and target a certain market. The market that an organization chooses will demonstrate what direction they want the organization to head in. However, choosing just one market will be problematic to the organization because they will be missing out on other opportunities to grow. 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Essay on The Evolution of Speech - 1080 Words

The Evolution of Speech The purpose of this essay is to identify the evolutionary evidence of speech. The articles reviewed in this paper affirm the evidence of evolution of speech. Much is unknown about the evolution of speech, however, fossil evidence points to adaptations for speech appearing between 1.5 million and 500,000 years ago. Fossil evidence for the evolution of speech is shown in the earliest hominins to one of our well known ancestors, the homo erectus. There are differences between bone structure and hard tissues of living modern humans to those of chimpanzees and bonobos (Boer, 2005). Speech is a unique trait that only humans so far have developed. This trait was most likely a prerequisite for the development of culture†¦show more content†¦Figure 1 As seen, the human larynx is lower than that of the apes. The larynx in most mammals is usually located high enough to be used in the nasal passages, enabling simultaneous breathing and swallowing. This development can also be seen in small infants. As humans age, the larynx begins to slowly descend down to its final position in its adult stage, which it reaches in three to four years (Fitch, 2000). A similar descent of the larynx most likely occurred over the course of human evolution. Speech itself cannot be fossilized, however there are anatomical adaptations that are related to speech that have been fossilized. Although the soft tissue of the vocal tract does not fossilize well, there is one bone in the larynx that does fossilize well, the hyoid bone. This bone appears to be the same bone in Neanderthals just as in those found in modern humans (Abry, 1998). Although it is difficult to find evidence of speech, other sources of evidence have become available that demonstrate the ab sence or presence of speech. 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Arkansas953 Words   |  4 PagesIn the wake of the Scopes trial in Tennessee, the State of Arkansas passed an â€Å"anti-evolution† statute in 1928, that made it illegal to teach the theory or doctrine that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animals, or to adopt or use in any such institution a textbook that teaches the doctrine or theory that mankind ascended or descended from a lower order of animal.† Forty years later, the case of Epperson v. Arkansas (1968) was argued before the Supreme Court. The case originatedRead MoreEdward Larsons Work Summer For The Gods1199 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Piltdown skull† and bridged a gap in history that seemed to confirm Darwin’s theory of evolution. Darwin s account of random variations, coupled with his survival-of-the-fittest selection process, posed a critical problem for many Christians who retained a teleological view of nature.† (Larson, 17) This threat to Christian spirituality sparked an anti-evolution movement in an attempt to revoke the teachings of evolution in public school systems. The Tennessee House of Representatives soon passed a statuteRead MorePlanet of the Apes by Pierre Boulle1103 Words   |  4 Pagesin this book that I will focus on is the social behavior of apes, specifically on courting rituals and mating behavior, such as the love dance performed by the â€Å"humans† in the novel. The second topic is the (in)capability of apes to produce human speech. In the novel, the apes all speak huma n language, but in reality, this is not a likely possibility. To elaborate on the first topic, when the â€Å"humans† in the novel are taken to the research facility, Ulysse soon realizes that they were brought there

The Death Of A Short Story - 1625 Words

At a farmhouse between merging rivers, Montague La-Rose knotted the last rope that held together the bags he’d stacked on his wagon. The farmer twisted and pulled the jute twine tight in the morning sun as its waxing light peaked in the sky. He was five miles from the Capital, already late to deliver the herbs and spices he’d promised the King of Illyrium. It was odd enough to sleep past sunrise when he always woke at first light, especially on one of two most important days of the year. But the fact that he felt nauseous worried him. Many people throughout Illyrium had become sick and bedridden, and the cause was unknown. As winds changed to winter, Montague’s medicine became highly sought. This single shipment could save hundreds of†¦show more content†¦In total, his trip would take four weeks. He felt proud about making his contribution to the rest of society, but it was also payday for Montague. The profit had to last for eight months until the next harvest. For the past six weeks Montague had been secretly providing the castle with various herbal concoctions that helped ease Olivia’s discomfort. He was trusted by the King so much that the royal family had fired their own private Healer and left the medical decisions for Olivia’s case up to Montague. Most, if not all herbs Montague grew, were known to have healing properties. Peasants who couldn’t afford medicinal attention praised him. Since his family’s land was the only successful place nutwood and pigroot would grow, both known to produce oils that fight the most deadly infections, it was his responsibility to provide a healthy supply of those in particular to the Healers across three islands. Although he wasn’t considered a Healer himself, he still played an important role in public healthcare. A recurring dizziness came upon him. But the urge to heave was gone. The journey to Illyrium would take an hour if he traveled north along the coa st of the Noahl River. But if the shore was blocked by fallen rock from the Gory Hills he would be forced to cross at the shallows to the other side, adding at least a half hour to his arrival time. Earl refused to walk through water that cameShow MoreRelatedShort Story : The Death Of Me 1600 Words   |  7 Pagesless than a week, but everything just seems to be easier with Robin. What has gotten into me, she whispers to herself before getting ready for bed. .::. Robin can not believe that conversation just happened. That woman is going to be the death of me, he murmurs to himself before he goes to check up on Roland. After he gets Roland settled he gets himself ready for bed. While he is brushing his teeth he hears the shrill ring of his phone and quickly answers it. Hello, he mumbles, Read MoreShort Story : The Death Of The World708 Words   |  3 PagesOnce outside, I quickly noticed that the roads and sidewalks were now parking lots because of the number of the cars packed on top of them. 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Ruling Many Sectors of the Urban Community

Question: Discuss about theRuling Many Sectors of the Urban Community. Answer: Introduction Today, in the twenty first century, technology seems to have taken the lead ruling many sectors of the urban community. Many business entities are using the advancing technology to replace their existing works and in the process, they change the relationships between the business and the clients, the structure of the company and the business processes. In the process, also the office space and in other cases the existence of these offices had to be reconsidered. There are certain points that can prove the evolution of technology with its relation to the impacts experienced on the social and political characteristics of the urban places as discussed by Peggy Keall. Peggy Keall Argued that: In the modules, it is evident that Peggy had to take a look at the relationships and the connection between the introduction of technology in the business entities in the urban places and in the process of urbanization. According to him, people are living in a world of cities where the social, cultural, political and the economic lives revolves around the urban areas. Further, he argues that it is important for people to come out to learn and understand their world so they can have a clear view on the effects the revolving technology has on the world and the way the world is undergoing a digital revolution affecting peoples lives. He feels that the use of the internet through the World Wide Web has led to many changes in the communication systems through the urban cities. Also, considering the privacy and the protection of identity, Peggy implies that the use of the internet as a result of the changes in the technology has introduced the urban cities to a lot of risks where crimes ca n be committed through the internet as where people have to understand their current communities and find ways to protect their community. The Key Points in the Modules Among the key points in the modules by Peggy Keall include; World wide web, Online communities and social networking, Changing nature of work, Flexible work options, and Privacy and protection of identity. The World Wide Web Keall suggests that the evolution of the internet bringing about the interface of the World Wide Web has come around with a variety of changes more so in the economic systems where most of the components involved in the process have been automated. In my opinion, it is true that the internet has brought a lot of developments in the urban communities. The experienced changes that have been experienced from the ancient time and in the current day where technology has advanced through the internet are vast and well noticeable (Rosenfeld Morville, 2008). Through the World Wide Web that is acting as an interface between the internet and the users, there has been many advanced economic cases like in the banking sector where the is the use of the automated bank machines where banking systems connect from remote placed connected through the internet. The diversification of technology through the web has been seen to transform from the ancient skills and machinery to the current advanced com plex systems that have made the use of the internet easy and interesting (Wolfe, 2001). The web has been the mother of most of the changes that are being seen in the current world where computers and other advanced digital gadgets are the elements ruling the day. Online Communities and Social Networking The modules by Keall have insights on how the communication in communities has changed through the revolution of technology. In a community, there is a need of interaction and communication. The form of communication used in the prior days were mostly face to face and that has come to change with the influence of technology and the internet where people can now be able to communicate online and through social networks (Howard, 2010). The elements in the communication that have been seen to have changes include the scope, speed, method and the comment of the information (Funk, 2011). The current scope of information appears to be different from the past where people used tablets, Fargo and others like letters. Today, the scope used includes email communication, blogs, tweets and blogs among a vast of them. The current scope is a huge influence to the to the social network of people where people interact today easily, fast and cheaply as compare to the ancient communication before the technology started to advance (Lazakidou, 2012). Changing Nature of Work In the modules, Peggy has mentioned about the revolution that is taking place in the industrial section as a result of the advancing technology. In as much as one may want to prove the logistics in the argument, it is quite obvious and open that the nature of work today has changed a lot under the influence of technology. It is evident in many sectors like in agriculture where the farmers are now not involved in the harvesting of grains (Restivo, 2005). There are advanced machines that were developed specifically for the purpose of harvesting the grains from the farms taking up the works of the farmers. In most offices today, the computers have digitized many departments reducing the amount of manpower that is needed (Hammond, 2003). The work that could be done by a dozen of people can now be taken up by a single computer that automates most of the works in the offices. Today, revolution in the information and communications sector has taken up that job leaving the messengers either jobless or shift to other professions. For information transfer, people now use the email services from the internet and the Skype and web cameras for live communications. There is also the use of mobile phones where people from different departments of organizations can communicate with each other away from the offices without depending on the office landlines or the fax as it were in the past (Bell, 2010). Flexible Work Options Many businesses and companies are today enjoying the mobile work options as initiated by the introduction of technology in their entities. It is though evident today that work has become flexible considering that in many places today, people can choose to carry their workloads to their homes and complete their target while at home (Stredwick Ellis, 2005). That is work away from office. Also, people tend to see that they are not going to meet their deadlines and thus, they decide to work from home during weekends and holidays and this can be counted as part of the flexible hours of work. There is also the case of telecommunicating and teleworking where people can engage in community communication and communal work from remote areas through the use of Skype and webcams for communication and online office portals and company websites for teleworking. In such cases, team building, decision making and communication can be done by many people at the same time through the implementation of information technology in industries as part of the industrial revolution (Eddy, 2012). Privacy and Protection of Identity In as much as people may find that the technology may have come with positive impacts on the urban communities, there is a prevailing issue of privacy and identity. There are people prone to hacking into other peoples online accounts and websites (Smith Kutais, 2007). In the process of interacting through the internet there are other people whose main agenda is hacking into accounts and posting weird information onto their accounts. Others venture into hacking into banking systems and other online money transfer services and redirecting the payments into their personal accounts (Claypoole Payton, 2012). This calls for surveillance of people interacting through the internet and there have been progress in the process and information and technology experts have been to the fore fronts to fight the unethical acts. In the work place technology have been seen to have negative influences to the workers forcing the employers to track and monitor their employees computers to have a records of what each and every computer is engaging in at all times (Sullivan,. 2004). In his capacity, the points highlighted in the modules are some meant to create the awareness of the impacts of the rapid development in technology in the industrial urban communities. Similarly, points discussed in this study are seen to come with both negative and positive insights on the impacts of technology. One can as well conclude that Peggy was so dedicated to educate and make people aware of the changes that are taking place in their urban community in relation to the use of the internet. In my view, these key points can be very helpful to every person especially in the industrial revolution. Many companies could make use of the information in the modules to know when and where to use the internet and in what cases. I find the modules important not only to the companies but to individuals who use the internet and those who find pleasure in taking part in the technology services. Individuals could know and assess their part to know when they might be at risk while using the i nternet (Khosrow-Pour, 2009). Many links and the inter-relationships can be spotted between the key points Peggy highlights in the modules. All the key points in the modules share the same origin and that is the internet. Without the internet, there would be no technology changes in the urban communities and in the industrial sector. Taking time with the modules, it is easier to understand the impacts of technology on the urban places and urbanization (Spence, Annez, Buckley, 2009). First, one could realize what it takes to develop a better urban community. The social and economic boundaries could benefit more from the rapidly advancing technology. In the social context, people have been able to network through the internet making interactions easier. Economically, businesses have benefit from using technology where most manpower have been replaces with a single computer taking up the roles that could be played by many people on a single entity. Communication can as well be done globally at a click through the u se of computers with the aid of the internet. Conclusion Today, in the twenty first century, technology seems to have taken the lead ruling many sectors of the urban community. People are living in a world of cities where the social, cultural, political and the economic lives revolves around the urban areas. Through the World Wide Web that is acting as an interface between the internet and the users, there has been many advanced economic cases like in the banking sector where the is the use of the automated bank machines where banking systems connect from remote placed connected through the internet. Many businesses and companies are today enjoying the mobile work options as initiated by the introduction of technology in their entities. References Bell, A. (2010).Re-imagining the office: The new workplace challenge. Farnham: Gower Claypoole, T., Payton, T. (2012).Protecting your internet identity: Are you naked online?. Lanham, Md: Rowman Littlefield Publishers. Eddy N. (2012).Managing the new workforce: International perspectives on the millennial generation. (Managing the new workforce.) Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Funk, T. (2011).Social media playbook for business: Reaching your online community with Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, and more. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger. Howard, T. W. (2010).Design to thrive: Creating social networks and online communities that last. Burlington, MA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. Khosrow-Pour, M. (2009).Encyclopedia of information science and technology. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference. Lazakidou, A. A. (2012).Virtual communities, social networks and collaboration. New York: Springer. Restivo, S. (2005).Science, technology, and society. Oxford [u.a.: Oxford Univ. Press. Rosenfeld, L., Morville, P. (2008).Information Architecture for the World Wide Web: Designing Large-Scale Web Sites. Sebastopol: O'Reilly Media, Inc. Stredwick, J., Ellis, S., Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. (2005).Flexible working. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Smith, M. S., Kutais, B. G. (2007).Spam and internet privacy. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Spence, M., Annez, P. C., Buckley, R. M. (2009).Urbanization and growth. Washington, DC: Commission on Growth and Development. Venkatesh, V., Wallin, J. J., Castro, J. C., Lewis, J. E. (2014).Educational, psychological, and behavioral considerations in niche online communities. Wolfe, C. R. (2001).Learning and teaching on the World Wide Web. San Diego, Calif: Academic Press.